First West Nile virus-related death reported in North Dakota

Most people infected with West Nile virus experience no symptoms or have only mild symptoms, such as fever and headache. In more severe cases, the virus can cause high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, altered mental state and death. People with these symptoms should see a healthcare provider immediately. 

People ages 60 and older, those with underlying health conditions and those who take medications that suppress the immune system are at greatest risk of developing severe illness from infection. As of Sept. 9, 25 human West Nile virus cases have been reported in 14 counties. Fourteen of those individuals were hospitalized. In 2025, North Dakota had 86 cases and two West Nile virus-related deaths. 

West Nile virus transmission usually peaks in late summer in North Dakota. As the year progresses, people may be inclined to skip mosquito protection. However, until there is a hard frost to eliminate remaining mosquitoes, people should continue to protect themselves from mosquito bites. 

There is no vaccine or specific treatment for the virus, so preventing mosquito bites is the best way to reduce the risk of infection. 

HHS recommends residents take these precautions to avoid mosquito bites: 

• Use insect repellent registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that contains ingredients such as DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, PMD, 2-undecanone or permethrin (for clothing only). Always follow the directions on the manufacturer’s label for safe and effective use. 

• Wear protective clothing outdoors, such as long-sleeved shirts, long pants and socks. 

• Limit outdoor activities between dusk and dawn when mosquitoes that can carry WNV are most likely to bite. 

• Eliminate stagnant water in containers around homes where mosquitoes can lay their eggs, such as gutters, buckets, flower pots, old tires, wading pools and birdbaths. 

• Install or repair screens on windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out of your residence. 

• Maintain a well-trimmed yard and landscape around your home.